胡适留学日记二〇、梦想与理想

(三月八日)


  梦想作大事业,人或笑之,以为无益。其实不然。天下多少事业,皆起于一二人之梦想。今日大患,在于无梦想之人耳。

  尝谓欧人长处在敢于理想。其理想所凝集,往往托诸“乌托邦”(Utopia)。柏拉图之Republic(《理想国》),倍根之New Atlantis(《新亚特兰蒂斯》),穆尔(Thomas More)之Utopia(《乌托邦》),圣阿格司丁(st. Augustine)之City of God(《上帝城》),康德之Kingdom of Ends(《论万物之终结》)及其Eternal Peace(《太平论》),皆乌托邦也。乌托邦者,理想中之至治之国,虽不能至,心响往焉。今日科学之昌明,有远过倍根梦想中之《郅治国》者,三百年间事耳。今日之民主政体虽不能如康德所期,然有非柏拉图两千四百年前所能梦及者矣。七十年前(一八四二),诗人邓耐生有诗云:

Far I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see,


Saw the vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be;



Saw the heavens with commerce, argosies of magic sails,


Pilot of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales;



Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain'd a ghastly dew


From the nations' airy navies grappling in the central blue;



Far along the world-wide whisper of the south wind rushing warm,


With the standards of the peoples plunging through the thunderstorm;



Till the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle-flags were furl'd


In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the World.


—Locksley Hall


  〔中译

吾曾探究未来,凭眼极力远眺,


望见世界之远景,望见将会出现之种种奇迹;



看到空中贸易不断,玄妙之航队穿梭往来,


驾紫色暮霭之飞行者纷纷降落,携带昂贵之货品;



听到天上充满呐喊声,交战各国之舰队在蓝天中央厮杀,


降下一阵可怖之露水;



同时,在遍及全世界之和煦南风奏响之飒飒声中,


在雷电之轰鸣声中,各民族之军旗勇往直前;



直到鸣金收兵,直到战旗息偃,


息偃在全人类之议会里,在全世界之联邦里。


——《洛克斯利田庄》


  在当时句句皆梦想也。而七十年来,前数句皆成真境,独末二语未验耳。然吾人又安知其果不能见诸实际乎?

  天下无不可为之事,无不可见诸实际之理想。电信也,电车也,汽机也,无线电也,空中飞行也,海底战斗也,皆数十年前梦想所不及者也,今都成实事矣。理想家念此可以兴矣。
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